Jag har tittat efter fler teorier till min uppsats, och hittade några, som jag kopierat utdrag av från Wikipedia
1) Technology acceptance model
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is an information systems theory that models how users come to accept and use a technology. The model suggests that when users are presented with a new software package, a number of factors influence their decision about how and when they will use it, notably:
- Perceived usefulness (U) – This was defined by Fred Davis as ”the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance”.
- Perceived ease-of-use (EOU) – Davis defined this as ”the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free from effort” (Davis, 1989). History
The technology acceptance model is one of the most influential extensions of Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of reasoned action (TRA) in the literature. It was developed by Fred Davis and Richard Bagozzi (Bagozzi et al., 1992; Davis et al., 1989). TAM replaces many of TRA’s attitude measures with the two technology acceptance measures— ease of use, and usefulness. TRA and TAM, both of which have strong behavioural elements, assume that when someone forms an intention to act, that they will be free to act without limitation. In the real world there will be many constraints, such as limited ability, time constraints, environmental or organisational limits, or unconscious habits which will limit the freedom to act (Bagozzi et al., 1992).
Kommentar: Den här teorin är ju mer anpassad till att titta på användarnas perspektiv – men kan den vara intressant att ha med ändå?
2) Technology lifecycle
Most new technologies follow a similar technology lifecycle. This is not similar to a product life cycle, but applies to an entire technology, or a generation of a technology.
Technology adoption is the most common phenomenon driving the evolution of industries along the industry lifecycle.
Technology perception dynamics
There is usually technology hype at the introduction of any new technology, but only after some time has passed can it be judged as mere hype or justified true acclaim. Because of the logistic curve nature of technology adoption, it is difficult to see in the early stages whether the hype is excessive. You can almost never believe the hype.
The two errors commonly committed in the early stages of a technology’s development are:
- fitting an exponential curve to the first part of the growth curve, and assuming eternal exponential growth
- fitting a linear curve to the first part of the growth curve, and assuming that takeup of the new technology is disappointing
Similarly, in the later stages, the opposite mistakes can be made relating to the possibilities of technology maturity and market saturation.
Technology adoption typically occurs in an S curve, as modelled in diffusion of innovations theory. This is because customers respond to new products in different ways. Diffusion of innovations theory, pioneered by Everett Rogers, posits that people have different levels of readiness for adopting new innovations and that the characteristics of a product affect overall adoption.
Kommentar: Den här är intressant tycker jag, men kanske inte kan kopplas till den kvalitativa studien?
3)Disruptive technology
A disruptive technology or disruptive innovation is a technological innovation, product, or service that eventually overturns the existing dominant technology or product in the market. Disruptive innovations can be broadly classified into lower-end and new-market disruptive innovations. A new-market disruptive innovation is often aimed at non-consumption, whereas a lower-end disruptive innovation is aimed at mainstream customers who were ignored by established companies. Sometimes, a disruptive technology comes to dominate an existing market by either filling a role in a new market that the older technology could not fill (as more expensive, lower capacity but smaller-sized hard disks did for newly developed notebook computers in the 1980s) or by successively moving up-market through performance improvements until finally displacing the market incumbents (as digital photography has begun to replace film photography).
By contrast, ”sustaining technology or innovation” improves product performance of established products. Sustaining technologies are often incremental however they can also be radical or discontinuous.
History and usage of the Term
The term disruptive technology was coined by Clayton M. Christensen and described in his 1997 book The Innovator’s Dilemma. In his sequel, The Innovator’s Solution, Christensen replaced the term with the term disruptive innovation because he recognized that few technologies are intrinsically disruptive or sustaining in character. It is strategy that creates the disruptive impact.
The theory
Christensen distinguishes between ”low-end disruption” which targets customers who do not need the full performance valued by customers at the high-end of the market and ”new-market disruption” which targets customers who could previously not be served profitably by the incumbent.
”Low-end disruption” occurs when the rate at which products improve exceeds the rate at which customers can adopt the new performance. Therefore, at some point the performance of the product overshoots the needs of certain customer segments. At this point, a disruptive technology may enter the market and provide a product which has lower performance than the incumbent but which exceeds the requirements of certain segments, thereby gaining a foothold in the market.
